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Lawrence III, Richard Delgado, and Kimberlé Crenshaw. Words That Wound: Critical Race Theory, Assaultive Speech, And The First Amendment (New Perspectives on Law, Culture, & Society) (1993) by Mari Matsuda, Charles R.
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There are a plethora of enlightening academic papers and books about understanding CRT. Lawrence III, Richard Delgado, and Kimberlé Crenshaw - when they published the book "Words That Wound: Critical Race Theory, Assaultive Speech, and the First Amendment."ĬRT has many accomplishments such as aiding in the passage of affirmative action laws, reforming urban planning to decrease segregation, and securing fair housing rights.įurther Resources on Critical Race Theory Later in 1993, CRT was further cemented by a group of legal scholars - Mari Matsuda, Charles R. In 1989 CRT became a unified movement at the first annual Workshop on Critical Race Theory. The late Harvard professor Derrick Bell is credited with establishing critical race theory through his publications and groundbreaking course Race, Racism, and American Law. The scholars who formulated critical race theory sought to answer questions such as "why is it that racial inequality endures and persists, even decades after these laws have been passed? And "why is racism still enduring and how do we truly abolish it?". The backdrop behind critical race theory was a common belief in America that the way to solve oppression was to pass legal reforms that expanded existing rights and provided more pathways for victims of discrimination to receive remedy. In fact, that same group of scholars in 1993 explained that CRT is “interdisciplinary and eclectic,” meaning it borrowed from a number of traditions such as feminism.Ĭritical race theory emerged in the 1970s as a response to Critical Legal Studies (CLS), which argued that law was not objective or apolitical. Instead, CRT says that we all ought to use all the tools we have to help educate individuals and fight for liberation. CRT contends that there is no one answer or one path to freedom. CRT scholars explain that experiences (storytelling, biographies, parables, narratives, family histories, the list goes on) of People of Color are crucial to understanding racism and changing the American society for the better.ĥ. That group wrote: “The interests of all people of color necessarily require not just adjustments within the established hierarchies, but a challenge to hierarchy itself.”Ĥ. A group of legal scholars in 1993 identified the end goal of critical race theory to go beyond just eliminating racial oppression and rather seeking to eliminate all oppression. CRT seeks to address why racial disparity exists in America so to eradicate racism and eliminate oppression. Racism and prejudice exists everywhere in American life from the workplace, to schools, and businesses.ģ. Many CRT scholars contend that racism isn't just based on the actions of individuals ("a few bad apples"), but rather that racism is embedded in America's culture, society, and legal codes. According to scholars Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic, race is the product of social thought and is not connected to biological reality.Ģ. Many CRT scholars contend that race is not biologically real (as demonstrated in the Human Genome Project) but rather a social construct. There are five principles of critical race theory (core tenets).ġ. It acknowledges the continuing impacts of slavery and segregation in America and critiques how institutionalized racism perpetuates a caste system that is inherently unequal.
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The central idea of CRT is that racism is institutionalized and is embedded in America's history, legal systems, and policies. David Miguel Gray, Assistant Professor of Philosophy (University of Memphis)Ĭritical race theory (CRT) explained. Critical race theory is a field of intellectual inquiry that demonstrates the legal codification of racism in America.